Hitler vs. Stalin: Who Was Worse?

After two decades of access to Eastern European archives, and thanks to the work of German, Russian, Israeli, and other scholars, the question has been solved as concerns numbers, according to a 2011 article in The New York Review of Books by American historian Timothy Snyder.

With 11 million non-combatants deliberately killed plus another one million foreseeable deaths from deportation, hunger, and sentences in concentration camps, Hitler was clearly ahead of Stalin, whose analogous record was approximately six million deliberately killed and nine million if foreseeable deaths among deportees, Gulag prisoners and others are included.

Snyder's figures for Hitler are not much lower than those of German historian Dieter Pohl and mine.