Mass Killing Unit of Warthegau
Sonderkommando Lange in German Documents:
Sonderkommando Kulmhof in German Documents:
The Polish working detail of Sonderkommando Kulmhof was situated in the grey zone between prisoners and collaborators. Once imprisoned in Fort VII in Posen, the Poles were forced to empty the gas van and bury the corpses during the
Euthanasia killings of Sonderkommando Lange
in 1940/1941. At the beginning in December 1941, the same job awaited for them in Kulmhof extermination camp, until a permanent Jewish working detail was
established for the forest camp at latest in early January 1942 (see section Mass Graves
here). During the erection of the camp, the Polish prisoners constructed the wooden ramp and fence used for loading the gas vans.
[1] They were regarded as sufficiently trustworthy and reliable by the Sonderkommando leadership for more critical and responsible work, like collecting the Jewelry and money of the Jews in the Kulmhof palace
[2] (also ref 3
here), searching the orifices of the corpses for valuables (ref 5
here), accompanying the SS and police men outside the camp,
[3] supervising the undressing of the Jewish victims and forcing them into the gas vans,
[4] supervising the Jewish working details,
[5] driving the vehicles including the gas vans,
[6] possibly establishing the connection between the exhaust and the gassing box (the claim should be taken carefully as
it was made by perpetrators to exculpate themselves),
[7] maintenance services on the Sonderkommando motor pool.
[8]
In return for their loyal service, the members of the Polish working detail were awarded with a large degree of freedom
and preferential treatment. They were accommodated on the upper floor of the Kulmhof palace, but could move around freely in the camp and in the village
[9] , as illustrated by a series of photographs showing them strolling and posing in Kulmhof village as well as drinking beer with
members of the Police Sonderkommando at the Kulmhof palace (for example
Figure 1 and 2).
[10] They could meet Polish women and were in some cases allowed to pick Jewish girls from the transports for the night.
[11] After the war, one of its members Henryk Mania claimed that "I did not run away, because I was afraid that my family will be killed as they threatened in the beginning" - a motive corroborated by the local residents Jozef Grabowski and Jan Krysinski, but contradicted by another Polish worker, Henryk Maliczak.
[12]
 |
| Figure 1:
Members of the Polish working detail on the bridge across the
river Ner with the Kulmhof village in the background (1942/early 1943).
From left to right: Henryk Mania, Stanislaw Polubinski, Lech Jaskolski,
Kajetan Skrzypczynsk, Henryk Maliczak;
photograph from Montague, Chelmno and the Holocaust, image 28, online
available here (see also examination of Henryk Mania of
14 April 1964, Pawlicka-Nowak, Swiadectwa Zaglady, p. 123 ff.). |
 |
Figure 2:
Members of the Polish working detail and Police Sonderkommando
drinking beer in front of the Kulmhof palace (1942/early 1943). Photograph from Montague,
Chelmno and the Holocaust, image 27, online available here, see also close-up here.
|